Cadmium is a metal, chemically akin to zinc and is found naturally with both lead and zinc within sulphide ores. Contamination can occur due to cadmium as an impurity in the zinc of galvanised pipes, as well as cadmium present in solders in other plumbing components.

WHO Limit: 

0.003 mg/l

Symptoms of Cadmium Contamination: 

• Kidney stones
• Ostemalacia (softening of the bones)

Treatment Methods: 

• Coagulation, flocculation and settlement
• Ion exchange

For Further Information:

WHO Water Quality Guidelines - 4th Edition

WHO Cadmium in Drinking Water