The priorities and focus of our final workstream will be developed out of horizon scanning activities within the network. We will engage academics exploring technological, scientific and societal drivers for closed-loop neural interfacing, for example the integration of neurotechnology with genetic engineering, synthetic biology and nanotechnology which will in future enable entirely new approaches to monitoring and manipulating neural activity, and which raise their own responsible innovation questions. We will explore emerging applications, for example in bidirectional interactions between biological and artificial neural networks, or cross-stimulation between multiple individuals, as well as possible applications in enhancement of health, wellness and cognitive functions.