We believe closed-loop neural interface applications raise unique issues that have to-date been largely overlooked by researchers focussing individually on brain recording or brain stimulation paradigms. Some of these are technological in nature, such as how best can we simultaneously monitor and modulate brain activity? Some are computational, such as what control algorithms should we use and how will these be implemented in implantable or wearable devices? Some are scientific, such as how does the brain respond 'in the loop' and how can this be used for therapeutic benefit? Most importantly, there are ethical questions, such as how can we ensure these technologies are safe, beneficial and respectful of the autonomy and individuality of users?

The closeNIT network will address these questions via six work streams and four cross-cutting themes. To find out more about these, please use the links in the side-bar.