This phase of the research programme aims to determine the cost-effectiveness in England, UK of implementing the validated prognostic models/measures into routine NHS maternity care compared with current practice of using BMI alone to identify which pregnant women and pregnant people (and their babies) would benefit most from additional care during pregnancy.  

We will collect data on the costs of using each of the adiposity measures/models developed in phase 2, as well as current use of BMI.  We will then consider the implications for the use of health services and costs that follow from using the adiposity measures as well as the impacts on health outcomes. The cost-effectiveness of each adiposity measure/model will be compared with current use of BMI. This final stage of the research programme will make recommendations to the NHS about which adiposity measures/models would be the best way to use the limited health services budget available to improve the health outcomes for women, pregnant people, and their babies.

1. SHAPES Cohort Study
2. Individual Patient Data (IPD) meta-analysis
3. Cost Effectiveness Study