Seán Molloy studied History at Trinity College, Dublin specialising in intellectual and cultural history of medieval and early modern Europe. Molloy went on to study International Relations at Dublin City University, where he became particularly interested in the critical historical investigation of elements of International Relations Theory, writing a thesis on the potential for dialogue between the English School and Critical Theory in IR. Molloy continued on this track for his PhD at the University of Limerick entitled "Reorienting Realism: Genealogy, Counter Memory, Nomad Science and Power Politics in International Relations." This thesis employed elements of the works of Nietzsche, Foucault and Deleuze (and Guattari) to critically engage with the supposed 'paradigm' of Realism. The genealogical part of this study was published as 'The Hidden History of Realism: A Genealogy of Power Politics" by Palgrave in 2006.
Molloy's professional career began with a Fulbright Scholarship and Visiting Assistant Professor position at the Watson Institute for International Studies, Brown University. Molloy has since worked at the Universities of Sussex, Glasgow and Edinburgh.
Molloy has continued to publish on Realism and is currently conducting research on two projects - an investigation of the nature of Realist ethics in IR and a critical-historical exploration of Kant's International Relations as the product of a political theology. Molloy's work on Realism has been supported by the Irish Research Council for Humanities and Social Sciences, the Arts and Humanities Research Council (UK) and the Royal Society of Edinburgh.