Below is a list of peer reviewed publications produced by the group. Those publications specific to a theme or project can also be found in the relevant section on this website.
2015
- Ewan VC, Sails AD, Walls AWG, Rushton SP, Newton JL. Dental and Microbiological Risk Factors for Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia in Non-Ventilated Older Patients. PLOS ONE. 2015. 10(4).
- Ghosh KM, Manning WA, Blain AP, Rushton SP, Longstaff LM, Amis AA, Deehan DJ. The influence of increasing construct constraint in the presence of posterolateral deficiency at knee replacement: A biomechanical study. 2015
- Ghosh KM, Hunt N, Blain A, Athwal KK, Longstaff L, Amis AA, Rushton S, Deehan DJ. Isolated popliteus tendon injury does not lead to abnormal laxity in posterior-stabilised total knee arthroplasty. 2015. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2015. 23(6) 1763-1769.
- Hodgson S, Lurz PWW, Shirley MDF, Bythell M, Rankin J. Exposure misclassification due to residential mobility during pregnancy. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. 2015. doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.03.007
- Hunt NC, Ghosh KM, Blain AP, Rushton SP, Longstaff LM, Deehan DJ. No statistically significant kinematic difference found between a cruciate-retaining and posterior-stabilised Triathlon knee arthroplasty: a laboratory study involving eight cadavers examining soft-tissue laxity. Bone and Joint Journal. 2015. 97(5) 642-648.
- Khan SK, Rushton SP, Shields DW, Corsar KG, Refaie R, Gray AC, Deehan DJ. The risk of cardiorespiratory deaths persists beyond 30 days after proximal femoral fracture surgery. Injury. 2015. 46(2), 358-362.
- Kimanzi JK, Sanderson RA, Rushton SP, Mugo MJ. Spatial distribution of snares in Ruma National Park, Kenya, with implications for management of the roan antelope Hippotragus equinus langheldi and other wildlife. Oryx. 49(2), 295-302.
- Laudicina VA, Benhua S, Dennis PG, Badalucco L, Rushton SP, Newsham KK, O’Donnell AG, Hartley IP, Hopkins DW.Responses to increases in temperature of heterotrophic micro-organisms in soils from the maritime Antarctic. 2015. Polar Biology, 1-8.
- Mackie A, Muthumayandi K, Shirley MDF, Deehan DJ, Gerrand C. Association Between Body Mass Index Change and Outcome in the First Year After Total Knee Arthroplasty. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2015. 30(2), 206-209.
- Robertson PA, Adriaens T, Caizergues A, Cranswick PA, Devos K, Gutiérrez-Expósito C, Henderson I, Hughes B, Mill AC, Smith GC. Towards the European eradication of the North American ruddy duck. Biological Invasions. 2015. 17(1), 9-12.
- Zwirglmaier K, Reid WDK, Heywood J, Sweeting CJ, Wigham BD, Polunin NVC, Hawkes JA, Connelly DP, Pearce D, Linse K. Linking regional variation of epibiotic bacterial diversity and trophic ecology in a new species of Kiwaidae (Decapoda, Anomura) from East Scotia Ridge (Antarctica) hydrothermal vents Microbiology Open. 2015. 4(1), 136-150.
2014
- Blain AP, Thomas MF, Shirley MDF, Simmister C, Elemraid MA, Gorton R, Pearce MS, Clark JE, Rushton SP, Spencer DA. Spatial variation in the risk of hospitalization with childhood pneumonia and empyema in the North of England. Epidemiology and Infection 2014. 142 (2), 388-398.
- Elemraid MA, Thomas MF, Blain AP, Rushton SP, Spencer DA, Gennery AR, Clark JE. Risk factors for the development of pleural empyema in children. 2014. DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23041
- Ghosh M, Blain AP, Longstaff L, Rushton SP, Deehan D. Can we define envelope of laxity during navigated knee arthroplasty? 2014 Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 22 (8), 1736-1743.
- Hunt NC, Ghosh KM, Blain AP, Athwal KK, Rushton SP, Amis AA, Longstaff LM and Deehan DJ. How does laxity after single radius total knee arthroplasty compare with the native knee? 2014. DOI: 10.1002/jor.22645
- Dunstan HJ, Mill AC, Stephens S, Yates LM, Thomas SHL. Pregnancy outcome following maternal use of zanamivir or oseltamivir during the 2009 influenza A/H1N1 pandemic: a national prospective surveillance study. 2014. DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12640
- Benhua S, Dennis PG, Laudicina VA, Ord VJ, Rushton SP, O’Donnell AG, Newsham KK, Hopkins DW. Biogeochemical responses to nutrient, moisture and temperature manipulations of soil from Signy Island, South Orkney Islands in the Maritime Antarctic. 2014. Antarctic Science, 1-8
- Tétard-Jones C, Gatehouse AMR, Cooper J, Leifert C, Rushton SP. Modelling Pathways to Rubisco Degradation: A Structural Equation Network Modelling Approach. 2014. PloS one 9 (2). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087597
- Elemraid MA, Rushton SP, Thomas MF, Spencer DA, Eastham KM, Gennery AR, Clark JE. Changing clinical practice: management of paediatric community‐acquired pneumonia. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice 20 (1), 94-99
- Barron E, Sharma A, Le Couteur J, Rushton SP, Close A, Kelly T, Grunze H, Ferrier IN, Le Couteur A. Family environment of bipolar families: A UK study. 2014. Journal of affective disorders 152, 522-525
- Budge GE, Shirley MDF, Jones B, Quill E, Tomkies V, Feil EJ, Brown MA, Haynes EG. Molecular epidemiology and population structure of the honey bee brood pathogen Melissococcus plutonius. 2014. The ISME journal. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2014.20
2013
- Mill AC, Rushton SP, Shirley MDF, Smith GC, Mason GC, Brown MC and Budge GE. Clustering and persistence of a pollinator brood disease: Epidemiology of American Foulbrood. Environmental Microbiology. 2013. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12292
- Close A, Robertson C, Rushton S, Shirley M, Vale L, Ramsay C, Pickard R.Comparative cost-effectiveness of Robot-assisted and standard Laparoscopic Prostatectomy as Alternatives to Open Radical Prostatectomy for Treatment of Men with Localised Prostate Cancer: A Health Technology Assessment from the Perspective of the UK National Health Service. European Urology 2013, (epub ahead of print).
- E Soto, K McGovern-Hopkins, R Klinger-Bowen, BK Fox, J Brock, N. Antonio, Z. van der Waal, S. Rushton, A. Mill, C.S. Tamaru. Prevalence of Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis in Cultured Tilapia on the Island of Oahu, Hawaii. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 2013, 25 (2), 104-109.
- DJ Langton, RP Sidaginamale, TJ Joyce, S Natu, PG Blain, RD Jefferson, SP Rushton, VFA Nargol. The clinical implications of elevated blood metal ion concentrations in asymptomatic patients with MoM hip resurfacings: a cohort study BMJ open 2013, 3 (3)
- Slater MJ, Mgaya YD, Mill AC, Rushton SP, Stead SM. Effect of social and economic drivers on choosing aquaculture as a coastal livelihood. Ocean and Coastal Management 2013, 73, 22-30.
- SK Khan, SP Rushton, M Courtney, AC Gray, DJ Deehan. Elderly men with renal dysfunction are most at risk for poor outcome after neck of femur fractures Age and Ageing 2013, 42 (1), 76-81
- Khan SK, Rushton SP, Dosani A, Gray AC, Deehan DJ. Factors Influencing Length of Stay and Mortality After First and Second Hip Fractures: An Event Modeling Analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 2013, 27(2), 82-86.
- AW Baron, SP Rushton, N Rens, CM Morris, PG Blain, SJ Judge. Sex differences in effects of low level domoic acid exposure NeuroToxicology 2013, 34, 1–8.
2012
- Iordan F, Rushton SP, Macdonald DW, Bonesi L. Predicting the spread of feral populations of the American mink in Italy: is it too late for eradication?. Biological Invasions 2012,14(9), 1895-1908.
- Dennis PG, Rushton SP, Newsham KK, Lauducina VA, Ord VJ, Daniell TJ, O'Donnell AG, Hopkins DW. Soil fungal community composition does not alter along a latitudinal gradient through the maritime and sub-Antarctic. Fungal Ecology, 2012, 5 (4) 403–408
- H.J. Bloomfield, C.J. Sweeting, A.C. Mill, S.M. Stead and N.V.C. Polunin. No-trawl area impacts: perceptions, compliance and fish abundances. Environmental Conservation 2012, 39 (3), 237-247.
- Cloke D, Moore O, Shab T, Rushton S, Shirley MDF, Deehan DJ. Thigh Muscle Injuries in Youth Soccer Predictors of Recovery. American Journal of Sports Medicine 2012, 40(2), 433-439.
- Mill AC, Rushton SP, Shirley MDF, Murray AWA, Smith GC, Delahay RJ, McDonald RA. Farm-scale risk factors for bovine tuberculosis incidence in cattle herds during the Randomised Badger Culling Trial. Epidemiology and Infection 2012,140(2), 219-230.
- Carter SP, Chambers MA, Rushton SP, Shirley MDF, Schuchert P, Pietravalle S, Murray A, Rogers F, Gettinby G, Smith GC, Delahay RJ, Hewinson RG, McDonald RA. BCG Vaccination Reduces Risk of Tuberculosis Infection in Vaccinated Badgers and Unvaccinated Badger Cubs. PLoS One 2012, 7(12), e49833.
- Malviya A, Rushton SP, Foster HE, Ferris CM, Hanson H, Muthumayandi K, Deehan DJ. Exploring the relationships between adult juvenile idiopathic arthritis and employment. Arthritis and Rheumatology. 2012.
- A Sinha, MF Thomas, SP Rushton, T Cheetham. The impact of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion on glycaemic control in children and adolescents: a regional review in North East England using a bio‐modelling approach Diabetic Medicine 29 (10), 1342-1343.
- Thomas MF, Sheppard CL, Guiver M, Slack MPE, George RC, Gorton R, Paton JY, Simmister C, Cliff D, Elemraid MA, Clark JE, Rushton SP, Spencer DA. Emergence of pneumococcal 19A empyema in UK children. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2012,97(12), 1070-1072.
- E Sofianopoulou, S Rushton, G Rubin, T Pless-Mulloli. Defining GP practice areas based on true service utilisation Health & Place, 2012 18(6), 1248–1254.
2011
- Chambers MA, Rogers F, Delahay RJ, Lesellier S, Ashford R, Dalley D, Gowtage S, Dave D, Palmer S, Brewer J, Crawshaw T, Clifton-Hadley R, Carter S, Cheeseman C, Hanks C, Murray A, Palphramand K, Pietravalle S, Smith GC, Tomlinson A, Walker NJ, Wilson GJ, Corner LAL, Rushton SP, Shirley MDF, Gettinby G, McDonald RA, Hewinson RG.Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination reduces the severity and progression of tuberculosis in badgers. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 2011, 278(1713), 1913-1920.
- Jorgensen F, Ellis-Iversen FJ, Rushton S, Bull S, Harris SA, Bryan SJ, Gonzalez A, Humphrey TJ. Influence of Season and Geography on Campylobacter jejuni andC. coli Subtypes in Housed Broiler Flocks Reared in Great Britain. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2011, 77, 3741-3748.
- Mill AC, Rushton SP, Murrary AWA, Rose M. PAH contamination in Shellfish: Modelling to estimate exposure. Ecotoxicology 2011. 21 (2) 393-408.
- Dadvand P, Rankin J, Rushton S, Pless-Mulloli T. Ambient air pollution and congenital heart disease: A register-based study. Environmental Research2011, 111(3), 435-441.
- Scarth JP, Clarke A, Teale P, Mill AC, Macarthur R, Kay J. Detection of endogenous steroid abuse in cattle: results from population studies in the UK.Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A: Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment 2011, 28(1), 44-61.
- Scarth JP, Clarke A, Hands J, Teale P, Mill AC, Macarthur R, Kay J, De Brabander H. Detection of nandrolone and boldenone abuse in the ovine by GC-MS/MS.Chromatographia 2011, 73(11-12), 1155-1169.
2010
- Scarth JP, Clarke A, Hands J, Teale P, Mill AC, Macarthur R, Kay J, De Brabander H. Validation of an Analytical Biomarker Approach for the Detection of Nandrolone Abuse in the Porcine. Chromatographia 2010, 72(3-4), 297-305.
- Yates L, Pierce M, Stephens S, Mill AC, Spark P, Kurinczuk JJ, Valappil M, Brocklehurst P, Thomas SHL, Knight M. Influenza A/H1N1v in pregnancy: an investigation of the characteristics and management of affected women and the relationship to pregnancy outcomes for mother and infant. Health Technology Assessment 2010, 14(34), 109-182.
- Rushton SP, Shirley MDF, Sheridan EA, Lanyon CV, O'Donnell AG. The transmission of nosocomial pathogens in an intensive care unit: a space-time clustering and structural equation modelling approach. Epidemiology and Infection 2010, 138(6), 915-926.
- Pearce MS, Glinianaia SV, Rankin J, Rushton S, Charlton M, Parker L, Pless-Mulloli T. No association between ambient particulate matter exposure during pregnancy and stillbirth risk in the north of England, 1962-1992. Environmental Research 2010, 110(1), 118-122.
- Bruemmer CM, Rushton SP, Gurnell J, Lurz PWW, Nettleton P, Sainsbury AW, Duff JP, Gilray J, McInnes CJ. Epidemiology of squirrelpox virus in grey squirrels in the UK. Epidemiology and Infection 2010, 138(7), 941-950.
- Jenkins SN, Rushton SP, Lanyon CV, Whiteley AS, Waite IS, Brookes PC, Kemmitt S, Evershed RP, O'Donnell AG. Taxon-specific responses of soil bacteria to the addition of low level C inputs. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 2010, 42(9), 1624-1631.
- Elmhagen B, Ludwig G, Rushton SP, Helle P, Linden H. Top predators, mesopredators and their prey: interference ecosystems along bioclimatic productivity gradients. Journal of Animal Ecology 2010, 79(4), 785-794.
- Dadvand P, Ruston S, Diggle PJ, Goffe L, Rankin J, Pless-Mulloli T. Using spatio-temporal modelling to predict long-term exposure to black smoke at fine spatial and temporal scale. Atmospheric Environment 2010, 45(3), 659-664.
- Girardello M, Griggio M, Whittingham MJ, Rushton SP. Models of climate associations and distributions of amphibians in Italy.Ecological Research 2010, 25(1), 103-111.
2009 and Earlier
- Rushton SP, Humphrey TJ, Shirley MDF, Bull S, Jorgensen F. Campylobacter in housed broiler chickens: a longitudinal study of risk factors. Epidemiology and Infection 2009, 137(8), 1099-1110.
- Atherton KM, Williams FM, Gonzalez FJE, Glass R, Rushton S, Blain PG, Mutch E.DNA damage in horticultural farmers: a pilot study showing an association with organophosphate pesticide exposure. Biomarkers 2009, 14(7), 443-451.
- Dadvand P, Rankin J, Shirley MDF, Rushton SP, Pless-Mulloli T. Descriptive epidemiology of congenital heart disease in Northern England. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2009, 23(1), 58-65.
- MacNeil MA, Graham NAJ, Polunin NVC, Kulbicki M, Galzin R, Harmelin-Vivien M, Rushton SP. Hierarchical drivers of reef-fish metacommunity structure. Ecology 2009, 90(1), 252-264.
- Wilkinson D, Bennett R, McFarlane I, Rushton S, Shirley M, Smith G. Cost-benefit analysis model of badger (Meles meles) culling to reduce herd tuberculosis breakdowns in Britain, with particular reference to badger perturbation. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 2009, 45(4), 1062–1088.
- Firbank LG, Petit S, Smart S, Blain AP, Fuller RJ. Assessing the impacts of agricultural intensification on biodiversity: a British perspective.. Phil. Trans. R. Soc 2008, 363(1492), 777-787.
- Fanshawe TR, Diggle PJ, Rushton SP, Sanderson RA, Lurz PWW, Glinianaia SV, Pearce MS, Parker L, Charlton M, Pless-Mulloli T. Modelling spatio-temporal variation in exposure to particulate matter: a two-stage approach.Environmetrics 2008, 19(6), 549-566.
- McNally RJQ, Rankin J, Shirley MDF, Rushton SP, Pless-Mulloli T. Space-time analysis of Down syndrome: Results consistent with transient pre-disposing contagious agent. International Journal of Epidemiology 2008, 37(5), 1169-1179.
- Bertolino S, Lurz P, Sanderson RA, Rushton SP. Predicting the spread of the American grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) in Europe: A call for a co-ordinated European approach. Biological Conservation 2008, 141(10), 2564-2575.
- Wilson SK, Fisher R, Pratchett MS, Graham NAJ, Dulvy NK, Turner RA, Cakacaka A, Polunin NVC, Rushton SP. Exploitation and habitat degradation as agents of change within coral reef fish communities. Global Change Biology 2008, 14(12), 2796-2809.
- Lanyon CV, Rushton SP, O'Donnell AG, Goodfellow M, Ward AC, Petrie M, Jensen SP, Gosling LM, Penn DJ. Murine scent mark microbial communities are genetically determined. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 2007, 59(3), 576-583.
- Rushton SP, Goodfellow M, O'Donnell AG, Magee JG. The epidemiology of atypical mycobacterial diseases in northern England: A space-time clustering and Generalized Linear Modelling approach. Epidemiology and Infection 2007,135(5), 765-774.
- Elmhagen B, Rushton SP. Trophic control of mesopredators in terrestrial ecosystems: Top-down or bottom-up?. Ecology Letters 2007, 10(3), 197-206.
- O'Donnell AG, Young IM, Rushton SP, Shirley MD, Crawford JW. Visualization, modelling and prediction in soil microbiology. Nature Reviews Microbiology 2007. ,5(9), 689-699.
- Mathews F, Lovett L, Rushton S, Macdonald DW. Bovine tuberculosis in cattle: Reduced risk on wildlife-friendly farms. Biology Letters 2006, 2(2), 271-274.
- Rushton SP, Lurz PWW, Gurnell J, Nettleton P, Bruemmer CM, Shirley MDF, Sainsbury A. Disease threats posed by alien species: The role of a poxvirus in the decline of the native red squirrel in Britain. Epidemiology and Infection 2006,134(3), 521-533.
- Shirley MDF, Rushton SP. The impacts of network topology on disease spread.Ecological Complexity 2005, 2(3), 287-299.
- Shirley MDF, Rushton SP. Where diseases and networks collide, Lessons form the Foot and Mouth Disease in UK 2001. Epidemiology and
- Jenkins SN, Waite IS, Blackburn A, Husband R, Rushton SP, Manning DC, O'Donnell AG. Actinobacterial community dynamics in long term managed grasslands. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2009, 95(4), 319-334.
- Shirley MDF, Elmhagen B, Lurz PWW, Rushton SP, Angerbjorn A. Modelling the spatial population dynamics of arctic foxes: the effects of red foxes and microtine cycles.Canadian Journal of Zoology 2009, 87(12), 1170-1183.
- MacNeill MA, Tyler EHM, Fonnesbeck CJ, Rushton SP, Polunin NVC, Conroy MJ. Accounting for detectability in reef-fish biodiversity estimates. Marine Ecology - Progress Series 2008,367, 249-260.
- Cook A, Rushton S, Allan J, Baxter A. An evaluation of techniques to control problem bird species on landfill sites.Environmental Management 2008, 41(6), 834-843.
- MacNeil MA, Graham NAJ, Conroy MJ, Fonnesbeck CJ, Polunin NVC, Rushton SP, Chabanet P, McClanahan TR. Detection heterogeneity in underwater visual-census data. Journal of Fish Biology 2008, 73(7), 1748-1763.
- Sainsbury AW, Deaville R, Lawson B, Cooley WA, Farelly SSJ, Stack MJ, Duff P, McInnes CJ, Gurnell J, Russell PH, Rushton SP, Pfeiffer DU, Nettleton P, Lurz PWW. Poxviral Disease in Red Squirrels Sciurus vulgaris in the UK: Spatial and Temporal Trends of an Emerging Threat. EcoHealth 2008, 5(3), 305-316.
- Wood D, Drake S, Rushton SP, Rautenkranz D, Lurz PWW, Koprowski J. Fine-scale analysis of Mount Graham red squirrel habitat following disturbance. Journal of Wildlife Management2007, 71(7), 2357-2364.
- Bonesi L, Rushton SP, Macdonald DW. Trapping for mink control and water vole survival: Identifying key criteria using a spatially explicit individual based model. Biological Conservation2007, 136(4), 636-650.
- Angold PG, Sadler JP, Hill MO, Pullin A, Rushton S, Austin K, Small E, Wood B, Wadsworth R, Sanderson R, Thompson K.Biodiversity in urban habitat patches. Science of the Total Environment 2006, 360(1-3), 196-204.
- Rushton SP, Shirley MDF, Macdonald DW, Reynolds JC.Effects of culling fox populations at the landscape scale: A spatially explicit population modeling approach. Journal of Wildlife Management 2006, 70(4), 1102-1110.
- Tattoni C, Preatoni DG, Lurz PWW, Rushton SP, Tosi G, Bertolino S, Martinoli A, Wauters LA. Modelling the expansion of grey squirrels (Sciurus crolinensis) in Lombardy, northern Italy: implications for squirrel control. Biological Invasions2006, 8, 1605-1609.
- Rushton SP, Wood DJA, Lurz PWW, Koprowski JL. Modelling the population dynamics of the Mt. Graham red squirrel: Can we predict its future in a changing environment with multiple threats?. Biological Conservation 2006, 131(1), 121-131.
- Greaves RK, Sanderson RA, Rushton SP. Predicting species occurrence using information-theoretic approaches and significance testing: An example of dormouse distribution in Cumbria, UK. Biological Conservation 2006, 130(2), 239-250.
- Gurnell J, Rushton SP, Lurz PWW, Sainsbury A, Nettleton P, Shirley MDF, Bruemmer CM, Geddes N. Squirrel poxvirus: Landscape scale strategies for managing disease threat.Biological Conservation 2006, 131(2), 287-295.
- Eyre MD, Foster GN, Luff ML, Rushton SP. The definition of British water beetle species pools (Coleoptera) and their relationship to altitude, temperature, precipitation and land cover variables. Hydrobiologia 2006, 560(1), 121-131.
- Sanderson RA, Eyre MD, Rushton SP. Distribution of selected macroinvertebrates in a mosaic of temporary and permanent freshwater ponds as explained by autologistic models.Ecography 2005, 28(3), 355-362.
- Eyre MD, Rushton SP, Luff ML, Telfer MG. Investigating the relationships between the distribution of British ground beetle species (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and temperature, precipitation and altitude. Journal of Biogeography 2005,32(6), 973-983.
- Eyre MD, Pilkington JG, McBlane RP, Rushton SP.Macroinvertebrate species and assemblages in the headwater streams of the River Tyne, northern England in relation to land cover and other environmental variables. Hydrobiologia2005, 544(1), 229-240.
- Shirley MDF, Rushton SP. The impacts of network topology on disease spread. Ecological Complexity 2005, 2(3), 287-299. In Press.
- Herborg LM, Rushton SP, Clare AS, Bentley MG. The invasion of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) in the United Kingdom and its comparison to continental Europe. Biological Invasions 2005, 7(6), 959-968.
- Shirley MDF, Rushton SP. Where diseases and networks collide: Lessons to be learnt from a study of the 2001 foot-and-mouth disease epidemic. Epidemiology and Infection2005, 133(6), 1023-1032.
- Rushton SP, Ormerod SJ, Kerby G. New paradigms for modelling species distributions?. Journal of Applied Ecology2004, 41(2), 193-200.
- Shirley MDF, Rushton SP, Smith G, South AB, Lurz PWW.Investigating the spatial dynamics of bovine tuberculosis in badger populations: Evaluating an individual-based simulation model. Ecological Modelling 2003, 167(1-2), 139-157.