Working among others with CEFAS, CNR, East China Normal University, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas del IPN (La Paz, Mexico) and Sea Fisheries Committees in England our research here focuses in particular on reef habitats in the tropics and NE Atlantic and how these may be affected by excluding fishing or particular types of exploitation. Work on the East China Sea and Gulf of California has also looked at the open continental shelf, the latter including numerical modelling using Ecosim and Ecospace to explore trade-offs between fishery and conservation purposes of marine protected areas. Ecological and social surveys have been conducted on prohibited trawling areas (PTAs) in Sicily and the North Sea. Our most recent work has been on the Yorkshire (England) PTAs, assessing possible fish and fishery impacts through ecological and social surveys.